Ask the Expert

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: Saving fuel while riding is not dissimilar to driving a car. Firstly, it is important to ensure that your bike is in good condition, well-maintained, correct tyre pressure, etc. Saving fuel during a ride will involve good forward observation and planning as this allows you to increase/decrease speed gradually and avoid harsh acceleration and braking.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: There is no mention of this in the Road Traffic Act so it is not illegal.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: If a vehicle is type approved with an accessory or part included, then this part must be maintained in original condition, causing no danger to the vehicles occupants or any other person. The simple answer is therefore that if supplied with the front mudguard must be maintained with one, as it would have been fitted for a specific reason (safety/comfort/weather-proofing).

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: As with all situations involving hazards, the key phase of the system is information. Using extended observations to gain all available information will give the improved time to plan our ride to negotiate all hazards safely.
When assessing bends and corners on the approach it is of paramount importance to be able to assess the severity of the bends and to get an early view of what is around the corner. Correct positioning on the approach will assist in this. On the approach the rider should look across the bend to see if there is an indication as to it's severity and gain an insight as to what is around the corner. This could be a hedge or tree line, a line of telephone poles or fence posts or road signs for instance.
If it is difficult to judge the severity of a corner due to the lack of the above observational aids, a rider can use what is called the 'limit point of observation'. This is also commonly referred to as the 'limit point' or colloquially the 'vanishing point'.
The limit point (of observation) is the furthest point along a road to which you have an uninterrupted view of the road surface. This is where the nearside and offside verges appear to meet. To ride safely you should be able to stop in the distance you can see to be clear, and this is prior to the limit point.
As the rider progresses along a road, the limit point will be constantly changing. On the approach to bends, the limit point will appear to do one of three things,
1. move away from you indicating that the speed of approch is correct.
2. stay stationary indicating that the bend is sharp and that you should reduce speed prior to entering the corner.
3. move towards you, indicating that the corner is extremely tight and you should use the brakes to lose speed before entering the bend.
By keeping the limit point moving away from you, a correct speed will be achieved.

As a rider begins to exit the bend, and the road straightens, the limit point will appear to move away quickly. It must be noted that at this time or preferably before this time information should be being saught as to the next hazard so that the degree of acceleration (or not) can be assessed.

Using the 'limit point of observation' method of assessing bends requires practice and should be used alongside more conventional means, ie using observation links, to gain early indications of where the road is going and forming a riding plan.
Riders should be careful not to get fixated on reading the limit point as the sole means to cornering and neglecting other more obvious indications of approaching hazards.

A: It depends how 'private' the road is, for example a supermarket car park or garage forecourt can be owned 'privately' but are still roads under the Road Scotland Act.
Even if the road is totally private and you have obtained permission to use it, allowing a pillion on your bike with no helmet is not recommended. In addition, if the pillion fell off and was seriously injured or worse then a common law charge of 'culpable and reckless conduct' could possibly be libelled.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: It is illegal to carry a passenger if you are a learner.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: No. It is illegal to carry a pillion passenger if you are a learner

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: Please refer to the answer posted to a similar question on 13 October 2009

A: We are not aware that dusk causes a specific issue. However, the variety of colours found in the road environment, combined with the weather and light conditions can often make it very difficult to see road users of any kind. Consequently, anything which provides a high level of contrast to the background will make bikers much more visible to other road users. This is why high-conspicuity (fluorescent and reflective) materials are recommended.

A: Sorry but you need to consult a solicitor.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Sorry we are unable to answer your question.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: If a vehicle is type approved with an accessory or part included, then this part must be maintained in original condition, causing no danger to the vehicles occupants or any other person. The simple answer is therefore that the 50cc moped if supplied with the front mudguard must be maintained with one, as it would have been fitted for a specific reason (safety/comfort/weather-proofing).

This aside, the issue of getting wet adds to rider discomfort and eventually, in it's extreme, to rider fatigue.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: Please refer to the answer posted to a similar question on 13 October 2009

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm
Please contact an insurance company for information about insuring your bike.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: We would advise you to contact a solicitor.

A: An Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycle is not classed as a motor vehicle for the purposes of the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1984 and the Road Traffic Act 1988 and is, therefore, not subject to the normal Drink/Drug Driving legislation.

There is, however, a specific offence for cycling whilst under the influence.

A: Light transmission through a motorcycle visor should meet or exceed the requirements of European Directive ECE R22/05.

In short, lightly tinted visors are permitted when riding on UK roads during the day, but must be replaced or removed during the hours of darkness. Permitted visors will bear an 'E' mark such as E6 050024 and the words " for daytime use only". If your visor doesnt have this it is illegal.

There are several helmets on the market these days with removable or flip up tinted sun shields , which are ideal as they can be easily retracted when not required. This would negate the need for a heavily tinted visor, which is often fitted to one's helmet more for "pose" value , rather than actual practicality.

Decent sunglasses are another option, however lots of people have an issue with having glass or stiff plastic close to their eyes, fearing of what may happen in the event of a spill, and as I know myself, they cant be removed easily or quickly should conditions change..

Darkly tinted visors should be kept for track days, however If you do have to wear a dark visor then bear in mind that it can affect your own ability to spot hazards.

My advice is to carry a clear visor with you, in case you dont make it home before dark.

A: Assuming that the rider is out on rural roads ( and not in the towns and cities) then generally speaking, when cornering on a motorcycle you should, taking all relevant safety factors into consideration, position your machine, to obtain the best view around the corner or bend.

That said, the over riding principle is that you should ride on the piece of road which offers you the best grip. Naturally this would exclude parts of the road surface which are contaminated with oil, grit or other debris, road drains and pot holes, or which have poorly constructed road reinstatements.

In the question the author suggests that he would normally corner in the "central " position, which in essence cancels one of the main advantages of riding a motorcycle in that you can position to maximise your view, within the confines of your own side of the road.

On left hand bends this would mean positioning your machine out towards the white line ( the offside position) but not in the face of opposing traffic where you should sacrifice your position a little for safety reasons, and on right hand bends, you should position your machine towards the nearside, kerb shy line, taking into account, any of the above hazards.

Positioning like this on corners and bends, irrespective of the weather, has the advantage of giving you a more extended view of the road ahead( and any future hazards) enabling you to plan your ride earlier, and it actually enlarges the turning circle of your machine, making it less likely that your machine will skid, it being realised that the tendancy for a machine to skid is greater when completing a small turning circle than when negotiating a large one.

So in summary, then you are right to avoid the grit or debris in the centre of the road ( which is generally worse in damp conditions), and you are correct in taking a position that offers you a better view ( as described above - different for left and right hand bends), as long as it doesnt compromise your safety, relative to oncoming traffic.

Try positioning like this for all corners and bends ( on rural roads) and you will see the difference it makes to your riding

A: The answer is that it is not illegal. However, I would respectfully suggest that it is not a great idea for obvious reasons, not least off all being weight distribution.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: Please see the reply to a similar question to this already answered on 13 October 2009.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: We are unable to provide advice on this subject. You should approach the manufacturers or speak to sales advisers for guidance.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: Once you have learned the mechanics of the skills IAM/ROSPA have taught you ,the main thing you need is practice and these skills can only be honed with road miles.
If you decide to go for private training these are sometimes run by ex police motorcyclists and although they can be expensive you will get the benefit of many years of Police training on a one to one basis.
You could continue your training with the IAM and aim towards qualifying as an observer within one of the groups,not only will you pass your skills and knowledge on, but you will fine tune your own skills while teaching someone less experienced.

A: The motorcycle will naturally lean in corners.

The best way to approach this is to relax your grip and turn the motorcycle into the corner,it will naturally lean as this is how motorcycles corner.

When the bike begins to lean allow your body to lean with it. This may feel unnatural at first,but with confidence you will begin to lean further as your speed increases.

If you need any further assisstance please read the Motorcycle roadcraft book this offers guidance and advice, or contact your local IAM motorcycle group who will teach you these skills

A: The use of gears and brakes is very dependant on the existing circumstances. With each motorcycle having its own engine deceleration qualities this also adds something else into the mix. When operating to `The System of Motorcycle Control` we would see overlapping brakes and gear changing only as part of a ‘planned and systematic’ approach to a hazard rather than making it a habit every time a loss of speed is made.

.

On the whole we look to separate braking and gear changing to minimise the unsettling action of the vehicle, ie nose dipping and loss of steering control, to then allow the vehicle to settle on its suspension after the brakes have been released. This then stabilises the vehicle on its suspension for the correct gear being chosen on the road speed achieved.



Therefore on approach to a hazard we apply one application of brakes to obtain the correct speed to deal with the hazard safely and then and take the correct gear in relation to the vehicles speed. For instance if the speed obtained on the approach to a bend was 20mph the appropriate gear for response would most likely be 2nd gear negating the need if in 6th gear on the approach to take 5 then 4 and 3. Instead move from 6th straight to 2.



There are obviously times when a planned overlap of brakes and gears is sensible and very acceptable. For instance if approaching a left turn and a vehicle behind did not recognise we were slowing to take the turn. This would be an opportunity for safety reasons to overlap brakes and gears to make the turn quicker and use less road space on the approach to this hazard therefore allowing more time for the driver behind to react. In other words as I was braking I would be coming down through the gears



Books such as the Motorcycle Roadcraft or the Institute of Advanced Motorcyclist manual may provide greater detail on this matter

A: Please refer to the appropriate section at www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: Please refer to the answer posted to a similar question on 13 October 2009

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: RoSPA

A: The rule you are referring to relates to the most important principle when using the limit point to assess the correct speed for a corner or bend. The limit point or vanishing point, as it is sometimes known, is the furthest point on the road ahead were you have an uninterrupted view of the point where the nearside and offside verges appear to meet. On the approach to a corner or bend the limit point will do one of three things; it will remain stationary or appear to come towards you both of which indicate that the bend is tight and you require to loose speed; or it will move away from you and it is the speed at which the limit point moves away that dictates your speed for that corner. Most importantly though, as you quite rightly alude to, you must be able to stop on your own side of the road in distance you can see to be clear.
This is an advanced skill and should only be practiced initially under the guidance of an instructor until you fully understand when to safely use limit point analysis and when not to. Not every corner has a limit point and it is only one method of assessing the severity of a bend. Take some advanced training or refresh some rusty skills to see the how stopping distances relate in real terms, as always safety first.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: All learners must complete CBT before riding on the road

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: All learners must complete CBT before riding on the road.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: If you have a full car licence you may ride motorcycles up to 125 cc and 11 kW power output, with L plates (and/or D plates in Wales), on public roads, but you MUST first satisfactorily complete a CBT course if you have not already done so. You MUST NOT carry a pillion passenger or pull a trailer until you have passed your test. Check out www.direct.gov.uk/en/TravelAndTransport/Highwaycode/DG_069867

A: All learners must complete CBT before riding on the road.

A: If you have a full car licence you may ride motorcycles up to 125 cc and 11 kW power output, with L plates (and/or D plates in Wales), on public roads, but you MUST first satisfactorily complete a CBT course if you have not already done so. You MUST NOT carry a pillion passenger or pull a trailer until you have passed your test. Check out www.direct.gov.uk/en/TravelAndTransport/Highwaycode/DG_069867

A: All motorcycles and Tricycles must display a number plate at the rear of the machine. Motorcycles and Tricycles registered before 1st September 2001 MAY display a number plate at the front but are not required to.

A: To ride a motorcycle on the road you must: - Be at least 17 years old (16 for a moped) and have a driving licence, which allows you to ride motorcycles (category A.)

Provisional motorcycle licences used to have a life of 2 years. But as from 1st February 2001, motorcycle licensing rules were changed. All new provisional licences showing motorcycle entitlement issued from that date are valid until the holder's 70th birthday. Holders of the old licences can apply to have the licence replaced with one that will include provisional motorcycle entitlement valid to age 70. Existing motorcycle provisional licence holders who do not pass a motorcycle test before their provisional licence expires are NOT now subject to the 12 month wait before they can get new entitlement.

All learner motorcyclists and moped riders must complete CBT before riding on the road. When you've completed CBT you'll be given a DL196. You must produce this before you can take the practical motorcycle test. A DL196 has a 2-year life. If you don't pass both your theory and practical tests in that time then you'll have to take the CBT course again. A DL196 obtained on a moped is valid for a motorcycle when the rider reaches the age of 17.

CBT’s are obtained after completion of an eyesight test, showing a good understanding of the motorcycle controls in a controlled environment, classroom inputs about understanding of the dangers of the road and lastly a demonstration displayed by the student that they understand all that has previously been taught and can put it into practise on the road again in a controlled climate with an approved instructor in attendance. After duration of 6-8 hours and if successful after these processes a CBT will be granted.

A: You will need an instructor with communication between you and the instructor to ride to the test centre.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: The only fool proof way of trying to stop your visor or glasses from steaming up is to try to keep airflow over the surface preventing condensation.

There are some moisture preventing products on the market, which may also help, but it would not be fair for us to recommend a particular product. Your local bike shop should be able to keep you right.

A: If you have a full car licence you may ride motorcycles up to 125 cc and 11 kW power output, with L plates (and/or D plates in Wales), on public roads, but you MUST first satisfactorily complete a CBT course if you have not already done so. You MUST NOT carry a pillion passenger or pull a trailer until you have passed your test. Check out www.direct.gov.uk/en/TravelAndTransport/Highwaycode/DG_069867

A: There is no age restriction when it comes to carrying pillion passengers on a motorcycle, but several factors must be borne in mind when considering carrying children. The Road Traffic Act 1988 provides that: - a passenger MUST be astride the seat which in turn MUST be securely fitted to the motorcycle (no cushions) - a passenger MUST be behind the rider - the manner in which passengers are carried MUST NOT involve danger of injury to any person (offences carry 3 penalty points BUT obligatory disqualification for a second offence within 3 years). A patrol officer would consider the following: is the child big enough to use the pillion seat as it has been designed - feet securely planted on the foot pegs and hands appropriately placed on the handles or grab rail fitted to the bike? Alternative hand holds are available on the market on a belt that the rider wears. If either of these was not fulfilled, the officer would consider reporting you. You should also be aware that the manner of riding while carrying a child passenger can have major implications on the way that even relatively minor offences are handled. For example, a simple speeding offence may be upgraded to dangerous driving due to the presence of the child, as this could be considered an aggravation of the offence. One last thing to broaden the discussion is that the police work closely with many other organizations and, if they were not happy with the circumstances or if the child appeared distressed or they believed the child’s safety was not a prime concern, they would be duty bound to submit an “at risk” form to Social Services.

A: There is no age restriction when it comes to carrying pillion passengers on a motorcycle, but several factors must be borne in mind when considering carrying children. The Road Traffic Act 1988 provides that: - a passenger MUST be astride the seat which in turn MUST be securely fitted to the motorcycle (no cushions) - a passenger MUST be behind the rider - the manner in which passengers are carried MUST NOT involve danger of injury to any person (offences carry 3 penalty points BUT obligatory disqualification for a second offence within 3 years). A patrol officer would consider the following: is the child big enough to use the pillion seat as it has been designed - feet securely planted on the foot pegs and hands appropriately placed on the handles or grab rail fitted to the bike? Alternative hand holds are available on the market on a belt that the rider wears. If either of these was not fulfilled, the officer would consider reporting you. You should also be aware that the manner of riding while carrying a child passenger can have major implications on the way that even relatively minor offences are handled. For example, a simple speeding offence may be upgraded to dangerous driving due to the presence of the child, as this could be considered an aggravation of the offence. One last thing to broaden the discussion is that the police work closely with many other organizations and, if they were not happy with the circumstances or if the child appeared distressed or they believed the child’s safety was not a prime concern, they would be duty bound to submit an “at risk” form to Social Services.

A: I presume the 50cc is a moped you are referring to, if you obtained your car licence before 1 February 2001 you do not need to complete a CBT to ride a moped.

You will need to complete a CBT if you want to ride a motorcycle

What does CBT involve?
The CBT course involves five elements:

A. introduction
B. practical on-site training
C. practical on-site riding
D. practical on-road training
E. practical on-road riding

The five elements have to be completed in sequence, although the order of the exercises within the element can be varied. You will only move on to the next element when your instructor is satisfied you have learnt the necessary theory and demonstrated the practical skills to a safe basic level. Trainees must, by law, receive a minimum two hour on-road ride in Element E.

Certificate of completion (DL 196)
When all five elements have been satisfactorily completed, a certificate of completion, called the DL196, is issued. This is a legal document which validates the relevant entitlements on your driving licence.

It is important that the holder of a DL196 considers the following points:

· a DL196 certificate validating a provisional moped or provisional motorcycle entitlement lasts for two years - CBT will have to be retaken if both theory and practical tests are not passed within the two year certificate life

· for moped entitlement only, if you pass your car driving test whilst your DL196 is still current or complete a CBT course and obtain a DL196 after passing your car test, the certificate is not subject to expiry, you will therefore need to keep your DL196 certificate safely. Please note that this applies to mopeds only, for riding motorcycles as a learner the DL196 remains valid for two years

Once you have your certificate you are advised to take additional training to pass your theory and practical tests and qualify for a motorcycle or moped licence. You must take the DL196 certificate with you when you go to your practical test.

A: Authorised Training Bodies who conduct CBT’s cannot allow you to complete the on road section and therefore the CBT without a valid provisional or driving licence. You will need to have a current licence to produce to the ATB when starting your course.

A: If you have a full car licence you may ride motorcycles up to 125 cc and 11 kW power output, with L plates (and/or D plates in Wales), on public roads, but you MUST first satisfactorily complete a CBT course if you have not already done so. You MUST NOT carry a pillion passenger or pull a trailer until you have passed your test. Check out www.direct.gov.uk/en/TravelAndTransport/Highwaycode/DG_069867

A: Ami, This is a difficult question to fully answer. As you realise we deal with UK licensing law and not American Law. As a start point, your partner obviously requires a full driving licence to drive vehicles of this category. (Harley Davidson do not make small capacity bikes) Each country has its own restrictions on the engine capacity (size of bike) a full licence holder can ride. A quick search on the internet with companies that provide a rental service also have different requirements. Some companies require the riders to be over 21 years of age and have held a full licence for 2 years prior to renting a bike. I would suggest you contact the Company direct and see what their requirements are. The second part of your question about costs and training tests. Not knowing which area you stay, all information about approved motorcycle training bodies can be found at www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/FindYourNearest/index.htm or www.dsa.gov.uk/

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: It would have to be ascertained if the helmet had acquired it's type approval when open or closed and if the flip front could be locked open. Circumstances of use may also come into play. Most flip front helmets are desined to be worn closed and so will have been type tested as such. If the flip front is up it will (obviously) not provide best protection. Common sense says keep it closed.

A: Categories of vehicles permitted to use the motorways in Europe are similar to the UK. Provided you hold a full motorcycle licence, then any machine over 50cc can be driven on a motorway.

A: All motorcycles and Tricycles must display a number plate at the rear of the machine. Motorcycles and Tricycles registered before 1st September 2001 MAY display a number plate at the front but are not required to. If the tricycle has a body type of a four-wheeled vehicle, you MUST display a number plate at the front.

A: If you have a valid community licence (ie foreign), this will allow you to drive in GB for the period set out below. Alternatively, you can exchange your licence for a British licence on entry to the UK.

Provided your licence remains valid you may drive in GB until aged 70 or for three years after becoming resident, whichever is the longer period. If it is a Lorry, minibus or a bus that is being driven (vocational driving licence) you can drive until the age of 45 or for five years after becoming resident, whichever is the longer period.

If you are aged over 45 (but under 65) until your 66th birthday or for five years after becoming resident, whichever is the shorter period, if you are aged 65 or over for 12 months after becoming resident.

In order to continue driving after these periods, you must get a British driving licence.

A: To ride a motorcycle on the road you must: - Be at least 17 years old (16 for a moped) and have a driving licence, which allows you to ride motorcycles (category A.)

Provisional motorcycle licences used to have a life of 2 years. But as from 1st February 2001, motorcycle licensing rules were changed. All new provisional licences showing motorcycle entitlement issued from that date are valid until the holder's 70th birthday. Holders of the old licences can apply to have the licence replaced with one that will include provisional motorcycle entitlement valid to age 70. Existing motorcycle provisional licence holders who do not pass a motorcycle test before their provisional licence expires are NOT now subject to the 12 month wait before they can get new entitlement.

All learner motorcyclists and moped riders must complete CBT before riding on the road. When you've completed CBT you'll be given a DL196. You must produce this before you can take the practical motorcycle test. A DL196 has a 2-year life. If you don't pass both your theory and practical tests in that time then you'll have to take the CBT course again. A DL196 obtained on a moped is valid for a motorcycle when the rider reaches the age of 17.

CBT’s are obtained after completion of an eyesight test, showing a good understanding of the motorcycle controls in a controlled environment, classroom inputs about understanding of the dangers of the road and lastly a demonstration displayed by the student that they understand all that has previously been taught and can put it into practise on the road again in a controlled climate with an approved instructor in attendance. After duration of 6-8 hours and if successful after these processes a CBT will be granted.

A: There is no age restriction when it comes to carrying pillion passengers on a motorcycle, but several factors must be borne in mind when considering carrying children. The Road Traffic Act 1988 provides that: - a passenger MUST be astride the seat which in turn MUST be securely fitted to the motorcycle (no cushions) - a passenger MUST be behind the rider - the manner in which passengers are carried MUST NOT involve danger of injury to any person (offences carry 3 penalty points BUT obligatory disqualification for a second offence within 3 years). A patrol officer would consider the following: is the child big enough to use the pillion seat as it has been designed - feet securely planted on the foot pegs and hands appropriately placed on the handles or grab rail fitted to the bike? Alternative hand holds are available on the market on a belt that the rider wears. If either of these was not fulfilled, the officer would consider reporting you. You should also be aware that the manner of riding while carrying a child passenger can have major implications on the way that even relatively minor offences are handled. For example, a simple speeding offence may be upgraded to dangerous driving due to the presence of the child, as this could be considered an aggravation of the offence. One last thing to broaden the discussion is that the police work closely with many other organizations and, if they were not happy with the circumstances or if the child appeared distressed or they believed the child’s safety was not a prime concern, they would be duty bound to submit an “at risk” form to Social Services.

A: Your Honda CB250 is not suitable at present. The UK learner specification is an engine size of up to 125cc and a power output not exceeding 11kw (14.6bhp). A practical test can be taken on this size of machine. This licence allows riders to ride a machine of up to 25kw and a power / weight ratio not exceeding 0.16kw/kg for two years. After the two-year period you may ride any bike. Further information related to power output and engine sizes may be obtained from motorcycle retailers or manufacturers.

If you are over 21 you may consider Direct Access to larger bikes over 35kw

A: There is no age restriction when it comes to carrying pillion passengers on a motorcycle, but several factors must be borne in mind when considering carrying children. The Road Traffic Act 1988 provides that: - a passenger MUST be astride the seat which in turn MUST be securely fitted to the motorcycle (no cushions) - a passenger MUST be behind the rider - the manner in which passengers are carried MUST NOT involve danger of injury to any person (offences carry 3 penalty points BUT obligatory disqualification for a second offence within 3 years). A patrol officer would consider the following: is the child big enough to use the pillion seat as it has been designed - feet securely planted on the foot pegs and hands appropriately placed on the handles or grab rail fitted to the bike? Alternative hand holds are available on the market on a belt that the rider wears. If either of these was not fulfilled, the officer would consider reporting you. You should also be aware that the manner of riding while carrying a child passenger can have major implications on the way that even relatively minor offences are handled. For example, a simple speeding offence may be upgraded to dangerous driving due to the presence of the child, as this could be considered an aggravation of the offence. One last thing to broaden the discussion is that the police work closely with many other organizations and, if they were not happy with the circumstances or if the child appeared distressed or they believed the child’s safety was not a prime concern, they would be duty bound to submit an “at risk” form to Social Services.

A: No it is not illegal to ride without mirrors. Carrying out shoulder checks will give you a view into an area to the side and about 10 to 15m behind you, the area commonly known as the blind spot as this is an area not covered when you look into mirrors. Mirrors give you a view that extends back some considereable distance and coupled with a shoulder check gives a good covereage behind and to the side.
Without mirrors you lack advanced warning of vehicles travelling some distance behind and when they are travelling at speed you may have no warning of their arrival untill it's too late.
From a personal prospective although not illegal the benefits far outway the draw backs if any in my view.

A: Full motorcycle licence - There are two types of full motorcycle licence:
* a light motorcycle licence (A1), which restricts riders to any bike up to 125 cc and a power output of 11 kW. The practical test must be taken on a bike of between 75 cc and 125 cc
* a standard motorcycle licence (A), is obtained if the practical test is taken on a bike of over 120 cc but not more than 125 cc and capable of at least 100 km/h per hour. After passing the standard motorcycle practical test, you will be restricted for two years to riding a bike of up to 25 kW and a power/weight ratio not exceeding 0.16 kW/kg. After this you may ride any size of bike
Note:
The BMW C1 motorcycle is not a suitable machine for a practical test.
Direct and accelerated access
Riders age 21 or over, or those who reach 21 before their two year restriction ends, have other options.
Direct access
After taking CBT and the theory test, the practical test may be taken on a motorcycle with a power output of at least 35kW. A pass allows you to ride any size of bike. All or part of the CBT course may be taken on either a learner bike or a large bike. You may practice for the practical test on bikes larger than the learner bike specification provided:
* you are accompanied at all times by an approved instructor on another bike and in radio contact
* you wear fluorescent or reflective clothing and follow all other provisional licence restrictions
Accelerated access
Riders who reach the age of 21, while still within the two year period where they are restricted to maximum 25 kW machines, but who wish to ride larger bikes need to pass a further test on a motorcycle of at least 35 kW. They may practice on bikes over 25 kW under the same practice conditions for direct access riders. You will revert to learner status while practicing (on a motorcycle greater than 25 kW) although test failure will not affect your existing licence.
Sidecars
Learners who wish to ride with a sidecar can practice on a combination with a power/weight ratio not exceeding 0.16 kW/kg. On obtaining a standard licence, you will be restricted to a combination with the same power/weight ratio for two years. At age 21 learners may, only within direct or accelerated access, practice on a larger combination, but the test must be taken on a solo bike (although physically disabled riders can use a combination).

A: Unable to answer this question as this relates to political decisions.

A: The helmet you chose is as you would expect a very personal choice, some prefer full faced helmets others open or flip face helmets. Each manufacturer supplies helmets in supposedly a standard fit although as you try different manufacturers products on you will find there may be a make that fits your head shape better than others. Visit your local dealer and try different sizes and makes on, remember that price isn't always a good indicator of better quality - a fancy race replica or special paint job may cost more but will not give you any more comfort or protection than a basic paint job of the same model.

A: Full motorcycle licence - There are two types of full motorcycle licence:
* a light motorcycle licence (A1), which restricts riders to any bike up to 125 cc and a power output of 11 kW. The practical test must be taken on a bike of between 75 cc and 125 cc
* a standard motorcycle licence (A), is obtained if the practical test is taken on a bike of over 120 cc but not more than 125 cc and capable of at least 100 km/h per hour. After passing the standard motorcycle practical test, you will be restricted for two years to riding a bike of up to 25 kW and a power/weight ratio not exceeding 0.16 kW/kg. After this you may ride any size of bike
Note:
The BMW C1 motorcycle is not a suitable machine for a practical test.
Direct and accelerated access
Riders age 21 or over, or those who reach 21 before their two year restriction ends, have other options.
Direct access
After taking CBT and the theory test, the practical test may be taken on a motorcycle with a power output of at least 35kW. A pass allows you to ride any size of bike. All or part of the CBT course may be taken on either a learner bike or a large bike. You may practice for the practical test on bikes larger than the learner bike specification provided:
* you are accompanied at all times by an approved instructor on another bike and in radio contact
* you wear fluorescent or reflective clothing and follow all other provisional licence restrictions
Accelerated access
Riders who reach the age of 21, while still within the two year period where they are restricted to maximum 25 kW machines, but who wish to ride larger bikes need to pass a further test on a motorcycle of at least 35 kW. They may practice on bikes over 25 kW under the same practice conditions for direct access riders. You will revert to learner status while practicing (on a motorcycle greater than 25 kW) although test failure will not affect your existing licence.
Sidecars
Learners who wish to ride with a sidecar can practice on a combination with a power/weight ratio not exceeding 0.16 kW/kg. On obtaining a standard licence, you will be restricted to a combination with the same power/weight ratio for two years. At age 21 learners may, only within direct or accelerated access, practice on a larger combination, but the test must be taken on a solo bike (although physically disabled riders can use a combination).

A: As a motorcycle is most stable when it is upright at a constant speed that is what you should aim for. The reason is simple. Tyres have a finite amount of grip on the road surface and any action uses up a certain amount of that grip. That is, if you use 100 percent of the grip for braking, there is no grip left for turning. It is true that modern electronically assisted braking systems will help but, ultimately, good ABS will render the brakes ineffective if the tyre grip is all used up with steering. If any braking effort would result in the wheels locking up then the ABS will prevent any braking effect.
Obviously emergency situations are different in respect that you must do anything you can to avoid crashing but braking on bends should not be used as a matter of course as it encourages the rider to go faster into danger zones and inevitably it will go wrong. The use of a rear brake only in an emergency will seriously reduce the effectiveness of braking as the front has most of the stopping power. Avoiding the front brake on bends used to be said as a way of trying to avoid front wheel lock up which is extremely difficult to control as opposed to rear wheel skid.
However, it is best to avoid locking either wheel so practice braking in a safe environment until very familiar with the pressures required.

A: You may opt to take the test on a large motorcycle. And on passing the test you are immediately qualified to ride any motorcycle without restriction. This option is called Direct Access. You must complete the CBT, a theory test and practical test on a motorcycle of at least 35kw (46.6bhp). Whilst you are learning an approved instructor must accompany you on another bike and in radio contact.

A: You must have provisional motorcycle entitlement on your licence and pass a CBT test and also display L-plates.

A: If he is a provisional licence holder he must display L-plates both front and rear.

A: The minimum age to ride a motorcycle is 17 years and for a moped it is 16 years. You can ride a motorcycle not greater than 125cc on provisional entitlement having a current CBT pass and displaying L-plates. However life of CBT certificate is relevant and must be renewed every 2 years.

A: The site is not intended to answer questions about licensing issues, but rather safety issues. Answers to licensing matters can be found on the Direct Gov website at: www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/LearnerAndNewDrivers/RidingMotorcyclesAndMopeds/index.htm

A: Not really a Police matter as we are not the enforcing agency but research has found that the Petroleum (Regulation) Acts of 1928 and 1936 give local authorities the power to grant licences. Usually the Council Trading Standards Department is the issuing and enforcing body. Each Council will specify conditions for the licence and they should include a requirement on the licensee to take appropriate steps to deal with any spillages. There does not appear to be a specific timescale to deal with small spillages and delays seem to be acceptable in minor incidents if staffing does not allow a speedy clean up. The licensee has a responsibility under Health and Safety at work regulations as well as liability for the safety of customers so it is in the interest of the licensee to respond as soon as practical. However, sand or other absorbent material should be applied at an early stage after the spill has been reported.

A: We would always advise good and appropriate clothing and an approved crash helmet to improve safety.

Rule 85 of Highway Code states: -

You MUST NOT carry more than one pillion passenger who MUST sit astride the machine on a proper seat. They should face forward with both feet on the footrests. You MUST NOT carry a pillion passenger unless your motor cycle is designed to do so. Provisional licence holders MUST NOT carry a pillion passenger.

[Laws RTA 1988 sect 23, MV(DL)R 1999 reg 16(6) & CUR 1986 reg 102]

A: This is a difficult question to answer because of the many other factors that may be involved so we don't want to be too prescriptive; obviously if you can avoid the gravel/chips this would be the best option.
Options 2 and 3 would work and the best choice is the one that you feel most comfortable and confident with. However there is no substitute for looking through a hazard on the approach and trying to identify quality of the road surface into and through the hazard.

A: "To ride a motorcycle on the road you must be at least 17 years old and hold a driving licence that allows you to ride motorcycles (Category A). This entitlement can be gained in several ways, the most common being through obtaining a provisional driving licence.



After completing Compulsory Basic Training (CBT) you may then ride, as a learner, a solo motorcycle of up to 125cc and with a power output not exceeding 11 kW."

A: This response is based on an understanding that you are referring to a full car Licence (Cat B) issued during 1996 and, therefore, the relevant legislation is found in “Motor Vehicles (Driving Licences) Regulations 1999 and the Road Traffic Act 1988”. A full car licence (Cat B) automatically gives you a motorcycle provisional (Cat A), and a full moped licence (Cat P) automatically gives you a motorcycle provisional, but you must be over 17.
Full car licences issued before 1st Feb 2001 automatically gave you a full moped licence. You could ride without "L" plates without taking any form of training but this is NOT recommended. Car licences issued after 1st Feb 2001 now only give moped entitlement. You need a CBT as well, and the CBT is currently valid for the life of your car licence (but only for a moped). A full car licence does NOT exempt you from the Theory Test
A Moped, by law is restricted: Maximum speed of 31 mph and maximum capacity of 50 cc, and you must be age 16 or over. If you de-restrict your moped, it is then legally a motorcycle. More detailed information can be accessed at:
www.direct.gov.uk/motoring/drivinglicensing and www.dft.gov.uk/dvla/drivers.aspx

A: As this is a personal licensing issue you should contact the DVLA for advice. Further information can be found at www.dvla.gov.uk

A: No, police forces in Scotland do not provide advanced riding courses. Please refer to the Bikesafe website at www.bikesafe.co.uk for information.

A: Yes.

The DSA test is the exact same no matter what route you choose to go down to gain your full licence. The obvious difference, by going down the Direct Access route, is the size, weight and power output of the machine you will be riding for this test will be greater than the "standard" test for a 125cc. Therefore apart from the machine you are riding both tests are the same.

A: Remember limit point analysis is only one method of assessing the severity of a bend. It is important to consider secondary hazards such as the presence of junctions, a poor road surface, and preceding vehicles before using it. The most important rule is to be able to stop within the distance you can see to be clear. It's not a case of how slow you should go but what speed is safe for a particular bend depending on the road, weather, and traffic conditions at the time. Use your experience and the stopping distances given in the Highway Code as a guide. Remember, motorcycles need a greater distance to stop and this needs to be at least doubled in wet conditions. Antilock braking systems (ABS) prevent the wheels locking during harsh or emergency braking, but braking distances are increased. Ideally, you should aim to ride without activating any technology fitted to your machine, for example traction control. If you are negotiating a bend where you anticipate you might have to stop you should be cautions and lose speed prior to entering the bend. Be aware of your vehicle’s particular characteristics and always ride within your ability.

A: Thank you for bringing this to our attention. The website will be amended to show the most up to date figures.

A: There is no age restriction when it comes to carrying pillion passengers on a motorcycle, but several factors must be borne in mind when considering carrying children.

The Road Traffic Act 1988 provides that:

- a passenger MUST be astride the seat which in turn MUST be securely fitted to the motorcycle (no cushions)
- a passenger MUST be behind the rider

- the manner in which passengers are carried MUST NOT involve danger of injury to any person (offences carry 3 penalty points BUT obligatory disqualification for a second offence within 3 years).

A patrol officer would consider the following: is the child big enough to use the pillion seat as it has been designed - feet securely planted on the foot pegs and hands appropriately placed on the handles or grab rail fitted to the bike? Alternative hand holds are available on the market on a belt that the rider wears. If either of these was not fulfilled, the officer would consider reporting you.

You should also be aware that the manner of riding while carrying a child passenger can have major implications on the way that even relatively minor offences are handled. For example, a simple speeding offence may be upgraded to dangerous driving due to the presence of the child, as this could be considered an aggravation of the offence.

One last thing to broaden the discussion is that the police work closely with many other organizations and, if they were not happy with the circumstances or if the child appeared distressed or they believed the child’s safety was not a prime concern, they would be duty bound to submit an “at risk” form to Social Services.

A: A micro car is defined as a quadricycle and, therefore, the holder of a full motorcycle licence may drive the vehicle, but only if full Category B1 entitlement is held. If Category A was passed prior to February 2001, it would grant entitlement to Category B1. As long as the appropriate valid entitlement is held, a microcar may be driven on motorways.

A: Speed limits are established using different criteria and are set to protect road users. Speed limits apply to both roads and vehicles, but they are the maximum speeds at which you are allowed to travel, no matter what manoeuvre is being carried out. It is also worth remembering that, depending on the circumstances, even the posted speed limit may be too fast for the condidtions.

A: If you have a full car licence you may ride motorcycles up to 125 cc and 11 kW power output, with L plates (and/or D plates in Wales), on public roads, but you MUST first satisfactorily complete a CBT course if you have not already done so. You MUST NOT carry a pillion passenger or pull a trailer until you have passed your test. Check out www.direct.gov.uk/en/TravelAndTransport/Highwaycode/DG_069867

A: When negotiating corners on a motorcycle the counter steering effect occurs automatically so, when you lean you 'subconsciously' move the bars in order to start your bike leaning. Making a conscious effort to counter steer is not a skill taught by the police, as the object of advanced training is to not put yourself in a situation where it is required. Granted it can be used effectively for quick changes in direction but this requires practice and skill and is best used on circuits and not on the road. There are many reasons for this: for example, it puts great demands on tyre grip which could result in a loss of traction, and it encourages riders to go faster, perhaps relying on counter steering to corner around a bend they have entered too quickly. By becoming road-focused, less attention is given to observations and inevitably the ability to plan your ride effectively. The best advice is to put more effort into planning your entry into, and through, a series of bends and let the counter steering take care of itself.

A: Unfortunately this is a universal problem without a 100% solution. However, there are steps you can take to minimise a steamed-up visor. Keep your visor as clean as possible and treat the outside with a rain repellent spray to help the water form into droplets and run off the visor; you could also treat your glasses with this as well. Try opening the vents in the helmet and not the visor to help clear any mist inside. You could also try using a face-mask to deflect your breath. Riding with a visor insert (such as a Fog City or Pinlock system) can also prevent a misted visor. Open the visor slightly when stationery to prevent steaming-up, as it is easier to prevent than get rid of (just don't open it too much or the rain will get in). Unfortunately steaming-up can still happen but follow this advice should result in at least some improvement.

A: Providing the rider is fully qualified and insured to ride and carry a pillion passenger, it is not an offence to carry someone over the drink-drive limit on the rear of a motorcycle. However, it may not be advisable if that person was incapable of ensuring he/she was in control of his/her actions at all times, in order not to affect the stability of the machine.

A: The advice given in the original answer still applies. The decision to filter is the rider’s sole responsibility, and the individual circumstances would dictate if a dangerous or careless driving offence would apply. Rule 268 states 'Do not' and does not state you 'must not'. This indicates that there is not a specific offence relating to this but the Introduction to The Highway Code (paragraphs three and four) outline the differences. Therefore, the original response remains correct, namely, filtering without due care or attention can lead to the motorcyclist being charged with a criminal offence. Filtering should not involve excessive weaving, and should only be carried out at low speed with the responsibility firmly on the rider’s shoulders.

A: Motorcycle Roadcraft, the police riders’ handbook, states that, in normal conditions, optimum braking is achieved by using both brakes, applying the front brake momentarily before the rear. The best combination of front and rear braking varies with speed, direction of travel, and road surface conditions. Roadcraft does not quote percentages, but a generally accepted guide is to aim for approximately 75% of braking force to come from the front brake, and 25% from the rear in good conditions. On wet or slippery roads, this should be nearer to 50% from each brake.

Braking effort must be applied to both wheels with sensitivity and discrimination. The shift of weight onto the front tyre improves tyre grip and allows greater braking effort from the front brake, but also means that it is easy to lock the rear wheel. Experience and practice will give you the confidence and ability to assess how much pressure should be applied to each brake in different situations.

A: Filtering, in itself, is not illegal in the UK. Highway Code Rule 88 (Manoeuvring) states "You should be aware of what is behind and to the sides before manoeuvring. Look behind you; use mirrors if they are fitted. When in traffic queues look out for pedestrians crossing between vehicles and vehicles emerging from junctions or changing lanes. Position yourself so that drivers can see you in their mirrors. Additionally, when filtering in slow moving traffic, take care and keep your speed low. Remember: Observation -Signal -Manoeuvre

It should be seen as a form of overtaking and, as such, and in the confines of lanes of vehicles, particularly hazardous. There is no right of way for motorcycles filtering and it is the rider’s responsibility to do so in a safe manner. The advantages of filtering along or between stopped or slow moving traffic have to be weighed against the disadvantages of increased vulnerability while filtering. As you acknowledge, the full circumstances are not known, but filtering without due care or attention can lead to the motorcyclist being charged.

A: Looking well ahead will give you an early view of road surface problems and provide you with time to avoid them. As you get near don’t focus on the debris or you will ride at it. Look away to one side or the other and you will be more likely to miss it. Don’t swerve suddenly and make sure the side you take to avoid the debris does not contain other hazards. In wet conditions ride more slowly and keep a bigger distance between you and road hazards. In all conditions give yourself TIME to react and SPACE to manoeuvre. If you have given yourself space you may be able to avoid debris.

I would urge ALL riders to take some further training to reduce the possibilities of getting into these situations in the first place.

A: The pressures recommended by the bike or tyre manufacturer are the only pressures you should use, check them regularly. They may advise adding more pressure if you carry a pillion and luggage. It is generally not a good idea to reduce pressure to obtain grip on loose surfaces. Remember to use your own gauge and check the pressures when the tyres are cold. Different garage gauges may give you false readings, so don’t rely on them.

A: On a wet road you need to be more relaxed and smooth with the machine's controls. Don’t break or steer harshly and ride at an appropriate speed for the conditions, allowing yourself twice as much space as in the dry. You will also have less grip for braking, so try to slow earlier for bends, roundabouts and hazards where you can’t see well by using the throttle. Ride through bends with a slight amount of throttle pulling the bike but don’t accelerate until your machine is upright or you risk losing grip at the rear tyre.

Ensure that your tyres are correctly inflated – have a good tread.

Keep in mind that your helmet visor may well start to mist up from condensation formed by your breath. You may find you will need to keep the visor open a fraction to prevent the misting. On the same theme, other road users may well not see you because of the conditions, so allow an extra margin for error.

A: Firstly report it. There is a motorcycle action campaign on the internet asking the government to address spillages, or report it to the police.

Look well ahead at areas that may attract fuel spills. Bus stops, taxi ranks, passenger drop-off areas, the white stop line at traffic lights, entrances to and from business parks and of course, roundabouts.

On a dry road the diesel spill may show as a darker line. In the wet it may look like a rainbow on the road. Plan to avoid such areas, or if you can’t, then take the shortest route through the spill and keep the bike as upright as possible. Avoid braking or accelerating harshly and remember the fuel will remain on the tyres for several yards, so be extra careful not to do anything suddenly for a sensible distance.

A: If large vehicles protect you from the wind, remember you may find the wind stronger as you emerge from the protection. Any luggage you carry, or your own loose clothing will be affected by high winds and may cause you to lose control.

Riding in high winds is not pleasant, as the power and frequency of the gusts is unpredictable. Keep your speed down and do not tense up so as not to allow the effect of the gust to be exaggerated. It may affect the path of your bike, but maybe not as much as you think – gusts are rarely sustained. Don't be too tense with the machine's controls, but be ready for cross winds, especially near gateways. In short, create your own space and be prepared.

You will become fatigued more quickly, so be prepared to take comfort breaks more often. Keep a look out for flying debris, or pedestrians and cyclists who may be blown off course. Avoid motorways or dual carriageways as cross winds have more effect and the extra traffic will make your situation more dangerous.

You should ask yourself if the conditions, together with your skill levels, are appropriate for safe motorcycling.

A: Be in a position where you can see well ahead and be seen by other road users and always be able to stop in the distance you can see to be clear on your side of the road. Adopting a position for an advantage in view to plan earlier for hazards is good providing it is not misleading to other road users or increases the risk of contact with other moving or static hazards.

Look at bends you are approaching and match your speed to what you can see. Anticipate problems in the areas you can’t see. For instance on the other side of a hump back bridge may be a stationary vehicle or one approaching on your side of the road, so be in the middle of your lane and be able to stop if faced with such a hazard.

In short it should be appropriate to deal with hazards whilst paying attention to where that places the tyres and associated road surface dangers, however, the safest position will change constantly during a ride.

A: Riding on gravel can be a biker’s worst nightmare, the most important thing is not to brake too quickly and if you have to brake, do it gently while avoiding the front brake. While on gravel relax and try not to panic.

Your bike will wobble, so relax your grip on the handlebars and go slow and steady. Try to maintain a steady speed and head for the part of the road where the gravel is less dense.

Lastly, keep that visor down, the last thing you want is a piece of gravel in your eye!